Tone-mapping is a complex process for displaying HDR pictures on standard displays. There are several ways to tone-map pictures, thus it's important to come up with a fair quality measure to choose the best tone-mapping operator (TMO) and adjust its parameters to get the greatest reproduction quality. This is a novel way to objectively assess tone-mapped photos of real-life settings. It combines perceptually meaningful features picked using an acceptable technique. Additionally, the selection highlights the significance of perceptual factors in evaluating tone-mapped HDR video. A number of state-of-the-art criteria and three publicly available datasets are used to assess the feature combination. A different goal is suggested to optimize the picture quality. The foundation of this strategy is the DL-CNN fusion of many perceptually significant characteristics that have been meticulously chosen utilizing adequate high-level features.

Keywords : CNN, DL, ML, AI, TMO, CMOS, CCD.

Author : B Suresh Babu , Suman , Venkata Narayana , Venkata Ramana Reddy , N Naveen Kumar

Title : Features Fusion For Natural Tone - Mapped Image Quality Evaluation Using DL-CNN

Volume/Issue : 2025;2(4 (October-December))

Page No : 35 - 42

A wide range of topics related to electric two-wheelers (ETWs) and related technologies are covered in the literature study. The increasing significance of hybrid and electric automobiles as remedies for ecological predicaments in the transportation domain, stressing the necessity of tackling concerns like exorbitant battery expenses, energy usage, and charge durations. Battery-swapping charging stations are suggested as a possible remedy; nevertheless, difficulties in guaranteeing a sufficient supply of batteries are mentioned. Particular focus is placed on the particular difficulties large-sized electric two-wheelers have, which call for a different strategy than that of electric passenger cars. The possibility of various energy technologies, such as hybrid fuel cells and supercapacitors, in next-generation automobiles is examined. Research also looks at how air and noise pollution are affected by electric cars, addressing possible safety issues brought on by their low noise levels. The literature study provides significant insights into the field of electric two-wheelers by addressing a wide range of themes, including technical difficulties, energy storage methods, regulatory standards, and environmental concerns

Keywords : Electric two-wheelers, battery swapping, energy storage, hybrid technologies, environmental impact.

Author : Adarsh K , S Christopher Ezhil Singh , P Sridharan , T Mary Little Flower , S Jerril Gilda

Title : A Review on Hybrid Electric Motor Cycle

Volume/Issue : 2025;2(4 (October-December))

Page No : 31 - 34

The work compared the leaching of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb) from the hybrid bricks using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Netherland’s tank leaching tests. Hybrid bricks were prepared by partially replacing clay with an increasing weight percentage of tannery sludge (0, 9, 18, and 27% by weight of brick specimen) and a constant weight percentage (10% by weight of brick) of glass powder. The prepared mixes were fired to 900oC, 950oC, and 1000oC to assess the leaching potential of metals from hybrid bricks at different temperatures. The TCLP test was conducted as per the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 1311, whereas the Netherlands tank leaching test was performed as per the NEN 7345 standard. In both methods, the leaching of metals increased with the tannery sludge amounts and decreased with an increase in temperature. The release of metals from the TCLP test was slightly higher than that of the Netherlands tank leaching test. The higher amounts of metal released from the TCLP test were due to exposure to more areas of particles due to the crushing of particles. The results obtained from the TCLP test are more appropriate to the actual field conditions arising in the service life of materials.

Keywords : leaching of metals; USEPA 1311; bricks; NEN 7345.

Author : G Venkatesh , S Krishnaiah

Title : Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Leaching from Clay – Tannery Sludge – Glass Powder Bricks using TCLP and Netherlands Tank Leaching Methods

Volume/Issue : 2025;2(4 (October-December))

Page No : 26 - 30

The current study article examines the growing use of automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enterprises' diverse human resource roles. The process of improving the HR department's efficiency through human resource automation involves relieving staff members of time-consuming manual activities so they can concentrate on more complicated responsibilities like decision-making and strategy-making. Technology like artificial intelligence is defining modern paradigms for conducting business. It is a solution that completes the majority of low-value HR tasks so that the strategic scope of work can receive more attention. Artificial intelligence is most frequently used in human resource applications like hiring and onboarding, internal mobility and employee retention, and task automation. HR professionals may expedite candidate vetting with the help of AI. By employing more user-friendly forms and experiences that draw higher talent and guarantee that interested parties complete their applications, adopting AI tools improves the application process for candidates as well. This research work is based on concepts and descriptive analysis. This research study used secondary data from recent research articles that were found on search engine websites. The study is an effort to recognize the important role AI has played in improving organizational decision-making. AI has the potential to improve HR departments in a number of ways. Employing AI may assist HR managers in a number of ways, including keeping up with trends; analysing employee sentiment; streamlining talent acquisition and onboarding; and spotting patterns to make decisions. HR will take on more strategic roles and become more data-driven. For HR professionals who are eager to keep up with the pace ,the technology reckoning can open up a whole new chapter. This observation will assist policymakers in understanding the advantages and importance of implementing AI in human resource management.

Keywords : Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Human Resource Management, HR Professionals, Technology.

Author : Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Human Resource

Title : Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Human Resource

Volume/Issue : 2025;2(4 (October-December))

Page No : 22 - 25

Introduction of Artificial Intelligence in organisations has transformed the functions of management through automation of tasks, facilitating data based decision making, accelerating competence easing the management to concentrate on organisation as well as employee advancement. Business related AI was being developed since 1950s. Significant developments came into existence since 1980s. It gained momentum in 2010. At present an approximate 83 % of the companies implemented AI. Business Management is being restructured with the introduction of AI in business. Companies are able to improvise the key functions of Management which include planning function, organising function, directing activity, staffing function and controlling activities and build data-driven decisions. AI is now considered as an advantage in Staffing function. Artificial Intelligence is playing a dominant role in Employee Engagement in the present tech world. AI implementation facilitates various tools for addressing clients’ enquiries promptly, manage people and develop people, monitor performance, convene meetings and generate reports. With this, all corporate concerns initiated the implementation of AI towards Employee Engagement and address the problems of Employee Engagement. AI facilitates decision making related to Headhunting, Recruitment activities, assessing the applicants, selection, training based on individual strengths and weaknesses, Performance Evaluation, future planning. This paper highlights the benefits of implementing AI in Employee Engagement and risks that may be encountered in AI implementation in Employee Engagement. It also covers the AI driven employee engagement tools which replaces the previous time-taking tasks in HR. Artificial Intelligence hastens employee engagement and employee retention through concurrent feedback, experiences which creates a compassionate and appealing work environment.

Keywords : AI , Employee Engagement, Employee Retention, Decision Making, Management functions.

Author : P. Shobha Rani , Mahadevan M

Title : A Conceptual Study on Role of AI in Employee Engagement

Volume/Issue : 2025;2(4 (October-December))

Page No : 18 - 21